The value of plant genetic diversity to resource-poor farmers in Nepal and Vietnam

Genetic resources for food and agriculture are the biological basis of world food and nutrition security; and they directly or indirectly support the livelihoods of over 2.5 billion people. Genetic diversity gives a species or a population the ability to adapt to changing environments. For resource-poor farmers, adaptive animal breeds, crop varieties and cultivars adapted to particular micro-niches, stresses or uses are the main resources available to maintain or increase production and provide a secure livelihood. The economic value of genetic diversity for productivity and yield traits is discussed in the literature. However, it is difficult to value many other aspects of agricultural biodiversity as these have both direct and indirect values in terms of qualitative traits such as food, nutrition and environmental uses that include adaptation to low input conditions, co-adaptive complexes, yield stability and the consequent reduction of risk, specific niche adaptation, and in meeting socio-cultural needs. Together, the direct and indirect values of genetic resources for resource-poor farmers are expressed in a range of options in the form of the crop varieties and species they use for managing changing environments.

The value of genetic diversity to resource-poor farmers is seldom captured by markets or addressed by the international research agenda. This paper presents lessons learned from our work over 5–10 years in the Asia and Pacific Ocean (APO) region on participatory crop improvement, home gardens and on-farm management of agricultural biodiversity. The lessons illustrate how farmers adapt genetic resources to suit local environmental conditions. The paper focuses on the value of genetic diversity of selected crop species to meet people's food and other needs. Genetic diversity valued by resource-poor farmers is often maintained, selected and exchanged by local social seed networks. Identification of such genetic resources and their custodians is important if international agricultural research is to contribute to the reduction of poverty. The paper highlights some good practices from case studies that illustrate how such genetic resources could be exploited by informal research and development strategies or participatory plant breeding or for marketing value-added products.     

山东省的野生花卉植物资源

对山东省野生花卉植物资源进行了调查研究，统计有野生花卉植物４８科２１９属２７２种，讨论了该省野生花卉资源概况，列出了１７７种主要野生花卉的种类及分布。     

论破坏国家重点保护野生动物资源的犯罪

《野生动物保护法》将珍贵、濒危野生动物列为国家重点保护的野生动物 ,并规定了管理、保护制度。 1 997年《刑法》新增了非法猎捕、杀害珍贵、濒危野生动物罪和非法收购、运输、出售珍贵、濒危野生动物、珍贵、濒危野生动物制品罪 ,从而完善了我国对野生动物的法律保护体系。本文就两个罪名的法律构成 ,以及司法实践中的有关问题展开讨论。     

大竹巴山红香椿发展探讨

大竹县有500多年栽培巴山红香椿的历史。县政府联合林业部门积极的促进巴山红香椿的种植与推广，不仅仅改善了宣传推广形式，扩大了巴山红香椿的影响范围，用灵活的种植服务形式提高了农户的积极性，还通过科学规划，合理布局，对巴山红香椿的种苗质量进行严格把关，从总体上提高了造林成效。从大竹县促进巴山红香椿的实际入手，分析了大竹县红香椿经济发展现状，并对其在发展过程中所采取的策略进行了解读，提出再发展建议。     

太行山野猪不同杂交组合生长及屠宰性能测定

选择体重30kg左右的太行山野猪与长白猪、汉普夏、上海白猪的杂种猪分为9组,每组12只,公母各半,进行饲养试验,测定太行山野猪不同杂交组合的生长性能。饲养试验结束后,每组随机选择4头屠宰,进行屠宰性能测定。结论:①野猪血缘含量越高,生长性能越低。②长白猪与野猪的杂交组合比其他杂交组合有较好的生长性能。③野猪血缘含量越高,瘦肉率越高。④汉普夏猪与野猪的杂交组合比其他杂交组合有较好的屠宰性能。     

山地地区地表一致性剩余静校正技术应用技巧

山地地区地表和地下地质条件复杂,接收条件差,原始资料信噪比低,做剩余静校正前很难准确的识别有效速度,经过几次速度分析和剩余静校正后,才得到容易辨认的速度,但是由于初始速度和初始静校正量的误差问题,往往剩余静校正的迭代不是收敛的,得不到真实的地下构造形态。只有采用比较合理的求取初始速度方法,才能保证得到真实合理的成像。     

Challenges of the maize seed industry in eastern and southern Africa: A compelling case for private–public intervention to promote growth

Following the liberalization and restructuring of the seed sector, the maize seed industry in eastern and southern Africa has witnessed a proliferation of private seed companies. Whereas the total number of registered maize seed companies in major maize producing countries increased four-fold between 1997 and 2007, the quantity of seed marketed barely doubled suggesting that the seed production and deployment environment is less than perfect.     

我国植物油籽在东亚市场上的竞争力研究

运用实证研究方法,从出口价格、产品质量、市场渗透程度三个方面对我国植物油籽在东亚市场上的竞争力进行评价。结果表明：目前,我国植物油籽竞争力在日本市场上较弱,在韩国市场上较强,需要依靠科技进步、绿色环保等方式来增强竞争力。     

野生兴安杜鹃和迎红杜鹃的园林应用

通过引种栽培,对野生观赏植物兴安杜鹃和迎红杜鹃的栽培管理及园林应用等进行了初步研究,二品种在未来的城市绿地中有很好的应用前景。     

上海市海岛种子植物区系特征分析

上海市海岛共有种子植物314种,隶属于206属69科,其科包含6种分布型,属包含15种分布型。通过对上海市海岛种子植物区系的组成、地理成分、区系特征进行分析,得出主要结论如下：植物区系组成复杂、地理成分多样;广布性成分比例高、呈现出从热带向温带过渡的趋势;滨海植物区系丰富。